Communication and Network

Modulation

In electronics, modulation is the process of varying one or more properties of a high-frequency periodic waveform, called the carrier signal, with a modulating signal which typically contains information to be transmitted.In telecommunications, modulation is the process of conveying a message signal, for example a digital bit stream or an analog audio signal, inside another signal that can be physically transmitted. The purpose of modulation is usually to enable the carrier signal to transport the information in the modulation signal to some destination.

Demodulation

Demodulation is the act of extracting the original information-bearing signal from a modulated carrier wave. A demodulator is an electronic circuit or computer program in a software defined radio that is used to recover the information content from the modulated carrier wave.

Bandwidth

Bandwidth also known as analog bandwidth is use to measure of the width of a range of frequencies, measured in hertz and bits per second,bps.

TCP/IP

The Internet Protocol Suite is the set of communications protocols used for the Internet and other similar networks. It is commonly also known as TCP/IP named from two of the most important protocols in it: the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP), which were the first two networking protocols defined in this standard.

Node

In general, a node is a localised swelling or "knot" or a point of intersection. It is an active device attached to a computer network or other telecommunications network, such as a computer or a switch, or a point in a network topology at which lines intersect or branch.

Client

A client is an application or system that accesses a remote service on another computer system, known as a server, by way of a network. The term was first applied to devices that were not capable of running their own stand-alone programs, but could interact with remote computers via a network. These dumb terminals were clients of the time-sharing mainframe computer.

Server

In computer networking, a server is a program that operates as a socket listener. The term server is also often generalized to describe a host that is deployed to execute one or more such programs.

Network Operating System

A networking operating system, NOS, also referred to as the Dialoguer, is the software that runs on a server and enables the server to manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and other networking functions. The network operating system is designed to allow shared file and printer access among multiple computers in a network, typically a local area network,LAN , a private network or to other networks.

Network Administrator

A network administrator is a person responsible for the maintenance of computer hardware and software that comprises a computer network. This normally includes deploying, configuring, maintaining and monitoring active network equipment.

Secondary storage

Disk Caching

A disk cache is a mechanism for improving the time it takes to read from or write to a hard disk. Nowadays , the disk cache is usually included as part of the hard disk. A disk cache can also be a specified portion of random access memory (RAM). The disk cache holds data that has recently been read and, in some cases, adjacent data areas that are likely to be accessed next.

File Compression

File compression is commonly used when sending a file from one computer to another over a connection that has limited bandwidth. The compression basically makes the file smaller and, therefore, the sending of the file is faster. Of course, when compressing a file and sending it to another computer that computer has to have a program that will decompress the file so it can be returned to "normal" and used.

File Decompression

Data decompression is the reverse--the decoding of compressed data to restore the original.

Internet Hard Drive

The sole purpose of an Internet hard drive is to offer a means of accessing your computer files (pictures, documents, music, videos, etc.) from any computer, as long as that computer has access to the Internet. An Internet hard drive will allow you to "deposit" your computer files into a remote hard drive, and then later access those very same files from any other computer.

Optical Disc Drive

In computing, an optical disc drive (ODD) is a disk drive that uses laserlight or electromagnetic waves near the light spectrum as part of the process of reading or writing data to or from optical discs. Some drives can only read from discs, but recent drives are commonly both readers andrecorders.Optical disc drives are an integral part of stand-alone consumer appliances.They are also very commonly used in computers to read software and consumer media distributed in disc form, and to record discs for archival and data exchange.

Solid-state storage

Solid-state storage is a nonvolatile, removable storage medium that employs integrated circuits (ICs) rather than magnetic or optical media. It is the equivalent of large-capacity,nonvolatile memory.The main advantage of solid-state storage is the fact that it contains no mechanical parts. Everything is done electronically. As a result, data transfer to and from solid-state storage media takes place at a much higher speed than is possible with electromechanical disk drives.

Input and Output

Ergonomic Keyboard

An ergonomic keyboard is a computer keyboard designed with ergonomic considerations to minimize muscle strain and a host of related problems. Typically such keyboards are constructed in a V shape, to allow right and left hands to type at a slight angle more natural to the human form.

Inkjet Printer

An inkjet printer is a type of computer printer that creates a digital image by propelling droplets of ink onto paper. Inkjet printers are the most commonly used type of printer and range from small inexpensive consumer models to very large professional machines, that can cost up to thousands of dollars.

Laser Printer

A laser printer is a common type of computer printer that rapidly produces high quality text and graphics on plain paper. As with digital photocopiers and multifunction printers, laser printers employ a xerographic printing process, but differ from analog photocopiers in that the image is produced by the direct scanning of a laser beam across the printer's photoreceptor.

Magnetic-ink character recognition

Magnetic Ink Character Recognition, or MICR, is a character recognition technology used primarily by the banking industry to facilitate the processing of cheques. The technology allows computers to read information such as account numbers off printed documents. Unlikebarcodes or similar technologies, however, MICR codes can be easily read by humans.

Optical-mark recognition

Optical Mark Recognition, also called Optical Mark Reading or OMR is the process of capturing human-marked data from document forms such as surveys and tests. Many traditional OMR devices work with a dedicated scanner device that shines a beam of light onto the form paper.